Multi-Agent Orchestration
Route steps.
Cap the loops.↘
What's the core idea of multi-agent orchestration
versus one agent doing everything?
Instead of one agent trying to plan, research, write, and check all at once, you split the work across specialized agents and add a coordinator to route between them. Each agent gets a narrow job, its own instructions, and only the tools it needs.
A single agent bloats its prompt and loses focus as the task grows, and one early mistake poisons everything after. Focused roles keep each step short and reliable, and independent steps can run in parallel.
a single agent?”
→ When one prompt handles it.
Split only when it visibly buckles.
What roles do a planner, workers, and an orchestrator play?
The planner reads the goal and breaks it into an ordered list of steps. It decides what to do and in what order, and does no hands-on work.
The workers, sometimes called executors, each carry out one step and pass their result forward.
The orchestrator, also called a supervisor or router, sits in the middle. It hands each step to the specialist best equipped for it, collects results, and decides what happens next or whether the job is done.
ordered steps
to a specialist
or done
step each
forward
Distinguish the planner-executor, supervisor/router,
and debate/critique patterns.
Planner-executor: one agent makes an ordered plan and others carry out the steps. It fits a known pipeline.
Supervisor/router: a manager agent reads each task, delegates to the right specialist, and decides what's next. It shines when tasks are varied.
Debate/critique: agents review each other's work. One drafts, a critic flags errors, and sometimes a third votes.
The extra calls are worth it for high-stakes output.
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